Air pollution has now become one of the largest external aggressors to our skin health which silently causes ageing, dullness, pigmentation and acne. The same way the lungs are impacted when breathing polluted air, the skin is the largest and most exposed part of the body and therefore the body is affected by the toxic particles, dust and other harmful gases in the environment. Nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) are the pollutants that stick to the skin surface and to the deepest parts of the pores, thus destroying collagen and the natural lipid barrier that makes the skin supple and healthy. In the long term, it causes oxidative stress, inflammation and a defective barrier effect causing premature ageing, uneven tone and breakouts.
Harsimran Kaur, Medical Advisor & Consultant Dermatologist at Kaya Limited, says, “Skin dullness is one of the initial manifestations of the damage caused by pollution. Oxygen circulation to the skin cells, due to constant exposure to particulate matter, is impaired resulting in the skin complexion looking fatigued and dull.” The pollutants also cause excessive production of free radicals, which destroy healthy skin cells and make them less elastic.
Likewise, pigmentation, particularly on the cheeks, forehead and at the mouth, has also been very prevalent. This occurs when the pollutants trigger the melanocytes (the pigment-producing cells) in the form of inflammation and therefore produce dark spots and uneven skin color. Besides, urban residents tend to encounter increased cases of acne. Pores become clogged with pollutants and microscopic debris, combined with sebum and provide the perfect environment to sustain the growth of bacteria, leading to comedones and inflammatory acne.
The Power of a Skincare Regimen
The best way to fight these problems is to have a powerful skincare regimen, which involves cleansing, barrier repair and antioxidant protection. Light cleansing with no force will get rid of the impurities on the surface and will prevent the pores to be blocked. Serums that are rich in antioxidants such as Vitamin C, niacinamide or green tea extract can be used to counter the effects of free radicals and lessen oxidative stress. The practice of wearing broad spectrum sunscreen on a daily basis is a no compromise issue because UV radiation in combination with pollution hastens photo-ageing and pigmentation.
A consistent skincare routine with gentle cleansing, antioxidants, and daily sunscreen is essential to fight pollution damage. Consulting your dermatologist for oral antioxidants can strengthen skin defence, while sleeping with air purifiers and humidifiers on helps the skin heal overnight.
For visible dullness, pigmentation, or ageing, treatments like chemical peels, laser toning, and Hydrafacial can restore radiance. IV drips, rich in vitamins and antioxidants, also play a key role in rejuvenating skin from within. Protecting your skin from pollution isn’t just cosmetic, it’s vital for lasting skin health and youthfulness.
Treatments that help combat Premature Ageing and Pigmentation
In patients who are already experiencing the symptoms of premature ageing or pigmentation, dermatological treatments are able to repair the skin health. Sophisticated anti-ageing techniques like chemical peels, Laser toning, microdermabrasion and photofacials are aimed at dullness, texture refinement, and collagen regeneration. Other non-invasive treatments such as Hydrafacial and oxygen infusion therapy are useful in detoxifying and deep nourishment of the skin. In case of more complex cases such as the fractional laser resurfacing or a microneedling procedure using PRP (platelet-rich plasma) may be used to promote collagen synthesis and repair the damage to the environment deeper.
Dr BL Jangid, Dermatologist and Hair Transplant Surgeon at SkinQure Clinic, New Delhi, says, “Our skin and hair are constantly exposed to invisible and harmful pollutants such as dust, toxic gas and smoke coming from factories, cars etc. These tiny invisible particles can damage skin’s natural barrier and can clog pores, causing skin irritation, sensitivity and inflammation. Long term exposure can lead to dull, uneven tone skin and breakage.”
Pollution can also increase oxidative stress which may trigger melanin production in excess, leading to dark spots and pigmentation. Prolonged exposure to fine airborne particulates also cause premature skin aging, hyperpigmentation, and heightened skin sensitivity.
Rise in Acne and Breakouts in Metro Cities
In metro cities, we are seeing an increase in acne and breakouts as a result of airborne pollutants. The combination of dirt, sweat, and oil on the skin provide an ideal environment for clogged pores and bacterial growth. Pollutants also impact the hair by depositing onto the scalp and stripping its natural oils and moisture leading to dry, frizzy hair and also increases the chances of dandruff.
To minimise the damage, Dr Jangid advises following these simple steps:
1. Wash your face with a mild antioxidant-rich cleanser.
2. Daily application of broad spectrum sunscreen, especially when stepping out from home.
3. Include a hydrating lotion or a night repair face serum or cream.
4. Make sure you wash your hair every 2 to 3 days with mild shampoo and use a conditioner or hair serum to restore moisture.
5. Stay hydrated and include antioxidant-rich foods like fruits, nuts, and green vegetables in your diet
In case of any skin or hair related issues, don’t try any home remedies, it’s advisable to consult a skin specialist to get the right treatment. Also, avoid experimenting with new products, its better to discuss the same with your dermatologist before trying anything new.
Finally, it is necessary to prevent and treat the skin in order to deal with pollution. The damage that has been caused by the pollution can be reversed to a large extent using a total care regime that encompasses day to day skincare, professional treatments, coupled with a nutrient-enriched diet. Living in the contemporary city life, being aware of your skin safety is not merely a matter of skin beauty but the retention of general health of the skin and the postponement of the outward appearance of age.
(This article is meant for informational purposes only and must not be considered a substitute for advice provided by qualified medical professionals. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.)